预售 英文预定 The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers fb2 pdf azw3 网盘 rtf 免费 下载 txt

This title challenges the belief that the 18th century was essentially modern in its temper. Carl Becker demonstrates that the period commonly described as the Age of Reason was, in fact, very far from that; that Voltaire, Hume, Diderot, and Locke were living in a medieval world, and that these philosophers "demolished the Heavenly City of St. Augustine only to rebuild it with more up-to-date materials". In a new foreword, Johnson Kent Wright looks at the book's continuing relevance within the context of current discussion about the Enlightenment.

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Carl L. Becker (1873–1945), a professor of European history at Cornell University, was one of the world’s leading authorities on eighteenth-century thought. Johnson Kent Wright is associate professor in the department of history at Arizona State University and author of A Classical Republican in Eighteenth-Century France: The Political Thought of Mably.

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基督教的神秘主义德米亚和怀疑主义者斐罗都追循着理性走到了尽头

德米亚（Demea，生卒年不详），斐罗即犹太人斐罗（Philo Judaeus，公元前30？—公元40）。——译注

“哲学家们”全都（或者是几乎全部）在学校里阅读过古典作家，——正如在耶稣会或本笃会的教师手下往往是读不到的！

然而毕竟孟德斯鸠是能够就一句话写出一整章书来的

M. le Président à Mortier[莫吉叶的主席先生]

我们种族的本质、它的目的和它的命运，全都有悖于理性和正直。

在19世纪的历程中，这种乐观的看法却蒙上了一层阴影。事实与理性的联姻、科学与自然界普遍法则的联姻已显得有点尴尬，而到了20实际，它就——并非毫不沮丧地——完全解体了。自然哲学被转让为自然科学。自然科学就变成了科学，而科学家们则摒弃了遗忘自己曾引以为荣的哲学家这个偷闲，认为那是对个人的一种侮辱。把人和他的世界当做是由以为睿智的“宇宙创造主”所设计出来的一部精巧有效的机器这一看法，逐渐的消逝了。科学教授们不再以任何肯定的信心谈论自然法则了，而是满足于以并未消减的热忱但又不带有任何神学的含义去钻研他们自己的专业，即对成其为宇宙实质的某种事物进行观察和实验，测定并掌握它的力变和于东。劳埃德·摩尔根说：“科学是专门与形态变化打交道的，它追踪被观察到要出现各种加速度而把背后的作用——加入有的话——留给了形而上学”。

书籍介绍

This title challenges the belief that the 18th century was essentially modern in its temper. Carl Becker demonstrates that the period commonly described as the Age of Reason was, in fact, very far from that; that Voltaire, Hume, Diderot, and Locke were living in a medieval world, and that these philosophers "demolished the Heavenly City of St. Augustine only to rebuild it with more up-to-date materials". In a new foreword, Johnson Kent Wright looks at the book's continuing relevance within the context of current discussion about the Enlightenment.