TCP/IP详解卷2:实现(英文版) fb2 pdf azw3 网盘 rtf 免费 下载 txt

TCP/IP Illustrated, and ongoing series covering the many facets of TCP/IP, brings a highly-effective visual approach to learning about this networking protocol suite. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation contains a thorough explanation of how TCP/IP protocols are implemented. There isn't a more practical or up-to-date book-this volume is the only one to cover the de facto standard implementation from the 4.4BSD-Lite .release, the foundation for TCP/IP implementations run daily on hundreds of thousands of systems worldwide.

Chapter 1. IntroductIon

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Source Code Present8tion 1

1.3 story 3

1.4 AppIication Programming Int6rfaces 5

1.5 Example Program 5

1.6 System CaIls and Library FunCtions 7

1.7 NetWork lmpIement8tion Overview 9

1.8 Descriptors 10

1.9 Mbufs (Memory Buffers) and Output Processing 15

1.10 lnput Processlng 19

1.11 NetWork lmpIementation Overview Revis1ted 22

1.12 Interrupt Levels and Concurrency 23

1.13 Source Code Organization 26

1.14 Test Netwoth 28

1.15 Summary 29

Chapter 2. Mbufs: Memory Buff6rs

2.1 IntroduCtion 31

2.2 Code lntroduction 36

2.3 Mbuf DefinitIons 37

2.4 mbuf Structure 38

2.5 Simple Mbuf Macros and Functions 40

2.6 m_devget and m_pul1up Functions 44

2.7 Summary of Mbuf Macros and FunCtions 51

2.8 Summary of NeU3 Nberking D8ta StruCtures 54

2.9 rucorw and CIust6r Reference Counts 56

2.10 Alternatives 60

2.11 Summary 60

ChaPter 3. lnterf8ce Layer

3.1 lntrOduCtion 63

3.2 Code Introduction 64

3.3 lf net StrUCtUre 65

3.4 ifaddr StruCture 73

3.5 sockaddr StruCture 74

3.6 lf net and ifaddr SP6ciaIiz8tion 76

3.7 NetWork InitiaIizatton Overview 77

3.8 Ethern6t lnitialization 80

3.9 SLlP lnitiaIiz8tion 82

3.10 Loopb8ck InitiaIiZaion 85

3.11 lf--attach FunCtion 85

3.12 1flnit FunCtton 93

3.13 Summary 94

ChaPter 4. lnt6deces: Ethernet

4.1 IntroduCtion 95

4.2 Code IntrOduCtion 96

4.3 Ethernet lnterf8ce 98

4.4 1octl SyStem CatI 114

4.5 Summary 125

Chapter 5. lnt6rfaces: SLlP and Loopback

5.1 lntrOduCtion 127

5.2 Code lntroduction 127

5.3 SUP lnterf8ce 128

5.4 Loopback lnterf8ce 150

5.5 Summary 153

Chapt6r 6. lP Addressing

6.1 IntroduCtion 155

6.2 Code Introduction 158

6.3 tnterface and Address Summary 158

6.4 sockaddr--ln StruCture 160

6.5 in--ifdddr StruCture 161

6.6 Address Assignment 161

6.7 Interface ioct1 Processing 177

6.8 lnternet Utility FunCtions 181

6.9 if net Utility FunCtions 182

6.10 Summary 183

ChaPter 7. Domains and Pndocols

7.1 IofroduCtion 185

7.2 Code IntrOduCtion 186

7.3 domain StruCture 187

7.4' protosw StrUCtUre 188

7.5 IP domain artd protosw Structures 191

7.6 pfflndproto and pffindtype FunCtions 196

7.7 pfct1input Function 198

7.8 IP lnitiaIization 199

7.9 sysctl System CaII 201

7.10 Summary 204

Chapt6r 8. lP: lnt6rn6t Protheol

8.1 IntroduCtion 205

8.2 COde IntroduCtion 206

8.3 IP P8Ck6ts 210

8.4 lnPut Processjng f ipintr Function 212

8.5 FOrWarding' iPforwaId FunCtion 220

8.6 Output PMssinQ' ip--output FunCtion 228

8.7 Int6rnet Ch60ksum' in--cksum Funotinn 234

8.8 setsockopt and getsockopt SyStem CaIls 239

8.9 iPsysct1 FunCtion 244

8.10 Summary 245

ChaPter 9. IP OPtlon Processlng

9.1 IntbouCtion 247

9.2 Code Introdudion 247

9.3 Option F0rmat 248

9.4 ip--dooptlons FunCtion 249

9.5 Record Route Option 252

9.6 Source and Record Route OPtions 254

9.7 Timestamp Option 261

9.8 lp--lnsertoptions Function 265

9.9 lp--Pcbopts FunCtion 269

9.10 Limitations 272

9.11 Summary 272

Chapt6r 10. IP Fragment8tion and ReassembIy

10.1 lntroduCtion 275

10.2 C0de lntrOductIon 277

10.3 Fmpmentation 278

10.4 lp--optcopy FunCtion 282

10.5 ReassembIy 283

10.6 ip--reass FunCtion 286

10.7 ip--s1owtlmo FunCtion 298

10.8 Summary 300

Chapter 11. ICMP: lnternet Control Message Pbocol

11.1 lntroduCtion 301

11.2 Code lntroduCtion 305

11.3 ictnp StruCture 308

11.4 lCMP protosw StruCture 309

11.5 Input Processing: icmP--input Fuodion 310

11.6 Error Processing 313

11.7 Request Processing 316

11.8 RedireCt Processing 321

11.9 RepIy Processing 323

11.10 Output Processing 324

11.11 icmP--error Fun0tion 324

11.12 lcro--ret1ect FunCtion 328

11.13 icmP--send Function 333

11.14 lcco--sysctl FunCtIon 334

11.15 Summary 335

Chapter 12. lP MuItlcastlng

12.1 lotrOduCtion 337

12.2 Code lntrOdodion 340

12.3 Ethern6t MuIticaSt Addresses 341

12.4 etheramulti StruCture 342

12.5 Ethern6t Multicast Reception 344

12.6 ininultl StrUCtUre 345

12.7 ippooptions StrUCtUre 347

12.8 MuIticast S0Cket OPtIons 348

12.9 MulticaSt TTL V8Iues 348

12.10 ip_setmoptions FunCtion 351

12.11 Joining an lP MuIticaSt Group 355

12.12 Leaving an tP MulticaSt Group 366

12.13 lp--getmoptlons Function 371

12.14 Multicast Input Processing: ipintr FunCtion 373

12.15 Multicast Output Processing f ip--output FunCtion 375

12.16 Perf0rmance Considerations 379

12.17 Summary 379

ChaPter 13. lGMP: lnternet Group Management ProtocoI

13.1 IntroduCtion 381

13.2 Code IntroduCtion 382

13.3 lgmp StrUCtUre 384

13.4 IGMP protQsw StrUCtUre 384

13.5 Joining a Group f lgmp--3olngroup FunCtion 386

13.6 lgmp--fasttimo Function 387

13.7 lnput Processingt igmp--lnput Function 391

13.8 Leaving a Group f lgmp--leavegroup Function 395

13.9 Summary 396

Chapt6r 14. IP MuIticast Routing

14.1 Introduction 397

14.2 Code Introduction 398

14.3 Mufticast Output Processing Revisit6d 399

14.4 mrouted Daemon 401

14.5 VirtuaI lnterfaces 404

14.6 IGMP Revisited 411

14.7 Multicast Routing 416

14.8 Multicast FOrwarding f lpamforward Function 424

14.9 Cleanup; ipinrouter--done Function 433

14.10 Summary 434

Chapt6r 15. Socket Layer

15.1 IntroduCtion 435

15.2 Code lntroduCtion 436

15.3 socket Structure 437

15.4 System Calls 441

15.5 Processes, Descriptors, and Sock6ts 445

15.6 socket System Call 447

15.7 getsock and sockargs FunCtions 451

15.8 blnd System CalI 453

15.9 llsten SyStem Call 455

15.10 ts1eep and wakeup FunCtions 456

15.11 accept System CaII 457

15.12 sonewconn and soisconnected Functions 461

15.13 connect System caII 464

15.14 shutdown System Call 468

15.15 close System Call 471

15.16 Summary 474

Chapter 16. Sock6t UO

16.1 Introduction 475

16.2 Code Introduction 475

16.3 Socket Buffers 476

16.4 wrlte, writev, sendto, and sendrisg System Calls

16.5 sendrisg System Call 483

16.6 sendlt FunCtion 485

16.7 sosend FunCtion 489

16.8 read, readv, recvfrom, and recwnsg Syst6m Calls

16.9 recwnsg System CalI 501

16.10 recvlt FunCtion 503

1 6.1 1 sorecelve FunCtIon 505

16.12 sorece1ve Code 510

16.13 se1ect System Call 524

16.14 Summary 534

ChaPter 17. Socket OPtions

17.1 lntrOduCtion 537

17.2 Code lntrOduCtion 538

17.3 setsockoPt System CalI 539

17.4 getsockopt SyStem CalI 545

17.5 fcntl aed 1oct1 System CaIls 548

17.6 getsockname SyStem CalI 554

17.7 getpeername Syst6m Call 554

17.8 Summary 557

ChaPter 18. Radix Tree Routing TSbIes

18.1 lntrOduCtion 559

18.2 Routing T8ble StruCture 560

18.3 RoUting SOCkats 569

18.4 COde lntrOduotion 570

18.5 Radix Node Data StruCtures 573

18.6 Routing StruCtures 578

18.7 Initia[izationt route--lnlt and rtable--lnlt FunCtions 581

18.8 lnitialhation' rn--init and rn--inlthead FunCtions' 584

18.9 Duplicate Keys and Mask LiSts 587

18.10 rnamatch FunCtion 591

18.11 rn--search FunCtion 599

18.12 Summary 599

Chapt6r 19. Routing Requests and Routing Messages

19.1 lntrOduCtion 601

19.2 rta11oc and rta11ocl FunCtions 601

19.3 RTFREE Macro and rtfree FunCtion 604

19.4 rtrequest FunCtion 607

19.5 rt--setgate Function 612

19.6 rtinit FunCtion 615

19.7 rtredirect FunCtion 617

19.8 Routing Message Structures 621

19.9 rtamissmsg FunCtion 625

19.10 rt--zfmsg FunCtion 627

19.11 rt--newaddrmsg Function 628

19.12 rt--msg1 FunCtion 630

19.13 rt--msgz FunCtion 632

19.14 sysct1--rtab1e FunCtion 635

19.15 sysctl--dumpentry FunCtion 640

19.16 sysct1--if1lst FunCtiOn 642

19.17 Summary 644

Chapter 20. Routing SOck6ts

20.1 IntroduCtion 645

20.2 routedomain and protosw StruCtures 646

20.3 Routing ControI BIocks 647

20.4 rawinit Fuodion 647

20.5 route--output FunCtion 648

20.6 rt--xaddrs FunCtion 660

20.7 rt--setmetrics FunCton 661

20.8. rawinput FunCtion 662

20.9 route--usIreq FunCtion 664

20.10 rawusrreq Funoton 666

20.11 rawattach, rawdetach, and ravidisconnect Fun

20.12 Summary 672

Chapter 21. ARP: Address ResoIutlon ProtOcoI

21.1 Introduction 675

21.2 ARP and the Routing Table 675

21.3 Code lntrOduction 678

21.4 ARP StruCtures 681

21.5 arpwhohas Function 683

21.6 arprequest FunCtion 684

21.7 arpintr FunCtion 687

21.8 in--arp1nput Function 688

21.9 ARP Timer FunCtions 694

21.10 arpreso1ve FunCtion 696

21.11 arplookup Function 701

21.12 Proxy ARP 703

21.13 arPrtrequest FunCtion 704

21.14 ARP and MuIticasting 710

21.15 Summary 711

Chapter 22. PtOtocoI Control 8Iocks

22.1 Intrduction 713

22.2 Code Introduction 715

22.3 inpcb StruCture 716

22.4 in--Pcbal1oc and inWcbdetach FunCtions 717

22.5 Binding, ConneCting, and DemuItiplexing 719

22.6 in--Pcb1ookup FunCtion 724

22.7 in--Pcbbind FunCtion 728

22.8 in--Pcbconnect FunCtion 735

22.9 lnwcbdiseonnect FunCtion 741

22.10 in--setsockaddI and ln--setpeeIaddr FunCtions'

22.11 inwcbnoti fy, iflrtchange, and in--iosinq FunedQ

22.12 ImpIement8tion RefinementS 750

22.13 Summary 751

Chapter 23. UDP: User Datagram Pl'Otocol

23.1 IntrOduotion 755

23.2 Code lntrOduCtion 755

23.3 UDP protosw StrUCtUre 758

23.4 UDP Header

23.5 udp--l nzt FunCtion

23.6 udp--output Function

23.7 udp--lnput FunCtion

23.8 udp--saveopc Function

23.9 udp--ct1znput FonCtion

23,10 udp--usrreq Function

23.11 udp--sysct1 Function

23.12 ImpIementation Refinements

23.13 Summary

Chapter 24. TCP: Transmlsslon ControI Protocol

24.1 lntroductlon

24.2 Code IntroduCtion

24.3 TCP protosw StruCture

24.4 TCP Header

24.5 TCP ControI Block

24.6 TCP State Transitlon Diagram

24.7 TCP Sequence Numbers

24.8 tcp--znit Function

24.9 Summary

Chapter 25. TCP Timers f

25.1 IntroduCtion

25.2 Code lntroduCtlon

25.3 top--cance1 t lmers Function

25.4 top--fastt 1 mo Function

25.5 top--s1owt lmo FunCtion

25.6 top--t l meI's Function

25.7 Retransmiss1on Timer CalcuIations

25.8 tcp--newt cpcb Function

25.9 top--set pe1fs i st Function

25.10 top--xml t--t imer Function

25.11 Retransmission Timeout' tcp(t imers Function

25.12 An Rri ExampIe

25.13 Summary

Chapter 26. TCP Output

26.1 Introduction

26.2 t cp--output Overview

26.3 Determine if a Segment ShouId be Sent

26.4 TCP Options

26.5 Window ScaIe Option

26.6 Timestamp Option

26.7 Send a Segment

26.8 top--templ at o FunCtion

26.9 top--respond Function

Chapter 27. TCP Functions

27.1 Introductlon

27.2 tcp--drain Function

27.3 tcp--drop Function

27.4 tcp--close Function

27.5 tcpamss Function

27.6 tcp--ct1input Function

27.7 tcp--notlfy Function

27.8 tcp--quench Functlon

27.9 TCP--REASs Macro and tcp--reass FunCtion

27.10 tcp--trace Function

27.11 Summary

Chapter 28. TCP Input

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Prelimfnary Processing

28.3 tcp--dooptlons Function

28.4 Header Prediction

28.5 TCP lnput: Slow Path Processing

28.6 InitiatIon of Passive Open, Completion of ACtive Open

28.7 PAWS f Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers

28.8 Trim Segment so Data is Within Window

28.9 Self-Connects and SimuItaneous Opens

28.10 Record Tlmestamp

28.11 RST Processing

28.12 Summary

Chapter 29. TCP Input (Continued)

29.1 lntroduction

29.2 ACK Processing Overview

29.3 CompIetion of PassIve Opens and SimuItaneous Opens

29.4 Fast Retransmit and F8st Rec0very Algorithms

29.5 ACK ProcessIng

29.6 Update Window lnfOrmation

29.7 Urgent Mode Processing

29.8 tcpxulloutofband Function

29.9 Processing of Recelved Data

29.10 FIN Processing

29.11 Final Processing

29.12 lmpIementation Refinements

29.13 Header Compression

29.14 Summary

Chapter 30. TCP User Requests

30.1 Introduction

30.2 tcp--usrreq Function

30.3 tcn a ttAnh Flinntinn

30.5 top--usrc losed FunCtion

30.6 top--ct1output FLJnCtion

30.7 Summary

Chapter 31. BPF: BSD PScket Filt6r

31.1 IntrOduCtion

31.2 Code lntroduction

31.3 bpf--if Structure

31.4 bpf--d StrUewre

31.5 BPF Input

31.6 BPF Output

31.7 Summary

Chapter 32. Raw IP

32.1 IntrOduCtion

32.2 COde lntrOduCtion

32.3 Raw IP protosw StruCture

32.4 rlp--init FunCtion

32.5 rip--input FunCtion

32.6 riPoutput FunCtion

32.7 riPusrreq FunCtion

32.8 rlp--ct 1output FunCtiOn

32.9 Summary

Epilogue

Appendix A. SoIutlons tO selford Exercises

Appendix B. Source Code AvaIIabiIity

Appendix C. RFC 1122 CompIlance

C.1 LinkL8yer R6quirementS

C.2 IP Requirements

C.3 IP OPtions R6quirements

C.4 lP Fragmeofation and ReassembIy Requirements

C.5 lCMP Requirements

C.6 MuIticoding R6quirements

C.7 IGMP Requirements

C.8 Routing Requirements

C.9 ARP RequirementS

C.10 UDP Requirements

C.11 TCP Requirements

Bibliography

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