医学文献的使用指南 Users＇Guides to the Medical Literature fb2 pdf azw3 网盘 rtf 免费 下载 txt

From the popular series in JAMA comes a state of the art book from the authors who coined the term evidence-based medicine. Edited by Gordon Guyatt, MD, and Drummond Rennie, MD, this highly innovative book enables physicians to quickly grasp efficient ways to use published literature in their clinical practice to improve their caregiving to patients. A fully searchable and hyperlinked CD, co-edited by Robert Hayward, MD, is included with each book.

With the most current evidence based medicine thinking, you can understand how to individualize evidence to each patient, obtain tips on how to find the information you need and how to make the optimal use of it in your practice, balance benefits and risks that precede medical management decisions, distinguish between strong and weak evidence, and understand detailed critical appraisal and summarization of evidence.

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

How to Use This Book

Part 1 The Basics：Using the Medical Literature

1A Introduction：The Philosophy of Evidence-Based Medicine

1A1 Finding the Evidence

1B Therapy and Harm：An Introduction

1B1 Therapy

1B2 Harm

1C The Process of Diagnosis

1c1 Differential Diagnosis

1C2 Diagnostic Tests

1D Prognosis

1E Summarizing the Evidence

1F Moving From Evidence to Action

Part 2 Beyond the Basics：Using and Teaching the Principles of Evidence-Based Medicine

2A Expanded Philosophy of Evidence—Based Medicine

　Parallel but Separate Goals--Evidence—Based

　Practitioners and Evidence-Based Care

　Criticisms of Evidence-Based Medicine

　2B Therapy and Harm

Why Study Results Mislead--Bias and Random Error

Outcomes of Health Services

2B1 Therapy and Validity

Surprising Results of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Principle of Intention-to-Treat

N of l Randomized Controlled Trials

Computer Decision Support Systems

2B2 Therapy and Understanding the Results

Quality of Life

Hypothesis Testing

Confidence Intervals．．．．

Measures of Association

　2B3 Therapy and Applying the Results

Applying Results to Individual Patients

Example Numbers Needed to Treat

Surrogate Outcomes

Drug Class Effects

Qualitative Research

　2C Diagnosis

Clinical Manifestations of Disease

Measuring Agreement Beyond Chance

Clinical Prediction Rules

Examples of Likelihood Ratios

　2D Prognosis

Regression and Correlation

　2E Summarizing the Evidence

Publication Bias

Fixed-Effects and Random—Effects Models

Evaluating Differences in Study Results

When to Believe a Subgroup Analysis

　2F Moving From Evidence to Action

Incorporating Patient Values

Recommendations About Screening

Grading Recommendations-A Qualitative Approach

Grading Recommendations-A Quantitative Approach

Economic Analysis

Clinical Utilization Review

Appendix

Glossary

CD—ROM Installation Instructions

Index

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