现货 葛传椝英语写作 葛传椝 大学外语学习 语言文字 全英文的英语写作教程 高校教材自学课本书籍 上海译文出版社 世纪出版正版 fb2 pdf azw3 网盘 rtf 免费 下载 txt

本书是葛传椝先生为我国读者撰写的英语写作专著，可作高校教材，亦可作自学课本。除对写作基本知识、写作技巧和文体修辞分章介绍之外，还特别对惯用法、习语和遣词造句等有关问题进行了详实阐述。同时配以大量取自现代英美书刊原著中的实例，以及各种切合实际的练习题。本书用简明地道的英文写成，是英语写作教材之经典。

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1. Composition and Compositions

2. Purpose of This Book

3. Your Advantage

4. Your Special Difficulties

5. Rhetoric

CHAPTER II MECHANICS OF COMPOSITION

6. Materials

7. One Side or Two Sides?

8. Margins

9. Spacing

10. Titles

11. Paging

12. Folding

13. Endorsing

14. Spelling

15. Syllabication

16. Underlining

17. Italics

18. Omissions, Corrections, and Insertions

19. A Warning

CHAPTER III LEARNING TO WRITE

20. Something to Say

21. How to Say It

22. A Consolation

23. Others May Have Said It before You

24. What to Read

25. How to Read

26. Some Dictionaries Recommended

27. Self-cultivation

28. Writing from Memory

29. Imitation, Conscious and Unconscious

30. Reading Dictionaries

31. Expressing Another Person’s Thoughts

32. Paraphrasing Sentences

33. Suggestions for Paraphrasing

34. Paraphrasing Paragraphs

35. Paraphrasing Verse

36. Condensing

37. Various Degrees of Condensation

38. Suggestions for Condensing

39. Using Materia1 in Han

40. Expressing Your Own Thoughts

41. Keeping a Diary

42. Choosing a Subject

43. Choosing a Title

44. Taking Notes

45. Making an Outline

46. Note-taking and Outline-making in the Head

47. Making Outlines of What You Read

48. Expanding an Outline

49. Practice in Composition

CHAPTER IV WRITING CORRECTLY

50. What is Correct English?

51. Usage

52. Present-day Usage

53. Neologisms

54. English and American Usage

55. Good Usage

56. Expressions Outside of Good Usage

57. Colloquialisms Etc in Written English

58. You are Quite Safe

59. How You Violate Usage

CHAPTER V WRITING CORRECTLY (Continued)

60. Grammar

61. Idiom

62. Grammar and Idiom

63. About the Study of Grammar

64. About the Study of Idiom

65. Some Books Recommended

66. Make Your Own Dictionary of Usage

67. Exercises in Grammar

68. Proper Nouns Used as Common Nouns

69. Nouns Used as Adjectives

70. Singulars and Plurals

71. Nouns Singular Only

72. Nouns Plural Usually or Plural Only

73. Nouns Plural in a Special Usage

74. Nouns of Multitude

75. Abstract Nouns in Plural

76. Material Nouns in Plural

77. Nouns Ending in “-ics”

78. Some Miscellaneous Nouns

79. Numerals in Plural

80. Number in Nouns Used as Adjectives

81. Number and Articles

82. Plural Subject with Singular Verb

83. Some Knotty Points of Number

84. Gender and Sex

85. Male or Female Beings Considered Neuter

86. Animals Considered Masculine or Feminine Without Reference to Sex

87. Sexless Things Considered Masculine or Feminine

88. Masculine and Feminine Nouns Used as Nouns of Common Gender

89. Feminine Nouns Ending in “-ess”

90. Nouns Ending in “-man”

91. Words of Common Gender Made Masculine or Feminine

92. Gender and Number

93. Possessive Case and Of-phrase

94. Subjective and Objective Meanings

95. Possessive Plurals

96. Noun Phrases and Possessive Case

97. “’S” Repeated and “Of” Repeated

98. Possessive Case and Lifeless Things

99. Idiomatic Uses of Possessive Case

100. Noun Omitted after Possessive

101. “Of” before Possessive

102. One Noun in Two Cases

103. Pronoun and its Antecedent

104. Lack of a Common-gender Third-person-singular Pronoun

105. A Question of Person

106. Case in Pronouns

107. Objective Used as Predicate Nominative

108. Interrogative “Who” Used as Objective

109. Relative “Whom” Used as Nominative

110. “Whom” Used after “Than”

111. Nominative or Objective after “But”?

112. A Curious Case of Agreement

113. National, Editorial, and Generic Uses of “We”

114. Generic Use of “You” and “Your”

115. Indefinite Use of “They”

116. Generic Use of “One” and “One’s”

117. Idiomatic Uses of “It”

118. Two Distinct Constructions of “It ... That”

119. Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses

120. The Relative Pronouns “Who”, “Which”, and “That”

121. Three Points of Choice between “Who(m)” and “Which”

122. Two Relative Clauses Linked by “And” or “But”

123. Omission of Relative Pronouns

124. “Which” without Definite Antecedent

125. “As” as Relative Pronoun

126. “Who” as Indefinite Relative Pronoun

127. “What” Preceding Statement

128. “One Another” and “Each Other”

129. Adjectives Used as Nouns

130. Exact Senses of Adjectives

131. A Curious Point about Comparatives

132. Two Curious Uses of Superlatives

133. “A Most” Followed by Adjective

134. “Worth” Taking an Object

135. “The Matter”

136. “Nothing Much”

137. Articles

138. “A” and Abstract Nouns

139. Some Words Often Mistaken for Abstract Nouns

140. Generic Use of Articles

141. Position of “A” (or “An”)

142. “The” Giving Common Noun Abstract Sense

143. Articles and Proper Nouns

144. Omission of Articles

145. Repetition of Articles

143. Final Remarks on Articles

147. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

148. Absolute Use of Transitive Verbs

149. Copulative Verbs

150. Factitive Verbs

151. Verbs Taking Double Object

152. Tense and Time

153. Present Tense Referring to Future

154. Present Tense Referring to Past

155. Past Tense Referring to Future

156. Present Perfect Tense vs Past Tense

157. Past Perfect Tense

158. Perfect Tense vs Factitive “Have” with Past Participle as Complement

159. Continuous Tenses

160. “Always” with Continuous Tenses

161. “Be” in Continuous Tenses

162. “Used” Followed by Infinitive

163. “Be” Followed by Infinitive

164. “Have” Followed by Infinitive

165. Infinitive without “to”

166. Split Infinitives

167. “To” Standing for Infinitive

168. “To” Followed by Gerund

169. Infinitive or Gerund?

170. “Enough” Qualified by Infinitive

171. “Too” Qualified by Infinitive

172. Active and Passive Infinitives

173. Active and Passive Gerunds

174. Gerunds Used as Adjectives

175. Gerund and Possessive

176. Fused Participles

177. Present Participle Separated from Subject by Predicate Verb

178. Unattached Participles

179. Intransitive Past Participles Used as Adjectives

180. “Shall” and “Will”, “Should” and “Would”

181. Subjunctive Mood

182. Sequence of Tenses

183. “The” as Adverb

184. Double Adverbial “The”

185. Quasi-adverbs

186. Prepositions

187. Idiomatic Uses of Prepositions

188. Prepositions before Particular Nouns

189. Prepositions after Particular Words

190. Omission of Prepositions

191. Prepositions Governing Words Other than Nouns and Pronouns

192. That-clause in Apposition to Nouns

193. That-clause Qualifying Adjectives and Past Participles

194. That-clause Used after Verbs

195. That-clause Qualifying “So” and “Such”

196. Idiomatic Uses of “That”

197. Omission of “That”

198. “And” Expressing Result

199. “Or” Meaning Otherwise

200. Idiomatic Uses of “If”

201. “Than” with Ellipsis

202. “When” as Relative Conjunction

203. “As Well As”

204. “Though ... Yet ...”

205. Indirect Questions

206. Negative Inversion

CHAPTER VI WRITING WELL

207. What is Good Writing?

208. Superstitions

209. Diction and Sentence Structure

210. The Exact word

211. Specific and General Words

212. Plain and Pretentious Words

213. Idiomatic Phrases and Idiomatic Uses of Plain Words

214. “Fine Writing”

215. Hackneyed Phrases

216. Words Used Too Often

217. Economy of Words

218. Periodic and Loose Sentences

219. Qualities of a Good Sentence

220. Unity

221. Coherence

222. Emphasis

223. Euphony

CHAPTER VII PARAGRAPHS

224. What is a Paragraph?

225. Length of Paragraphs

226. Paragraphs and Outline

227. Topic Sentence

228. Paragraph Development

229. Qualities of a Good Paragraph

230. Transition between Paragraphs

Chapter VIII FORMS OF COMPOSITION

231. Narrations, Description, Exposition and Argument

232. Point of View in Narration

233. What Tense to Use?

234. “Story Style” and “News Style”

235. Plain Account of Events

236. Artistic, Practical, and Scientific Description

237. Avoid “Fine Writing”

238. What is Beautiful Language?

239. Examples of Artistic Description

240. Practical Description

241. Exposition is Explanation

242. Definition

243. What to Avoid in Exposition

244. Examples of Exposition

245. Argument and Exposition

246. Question and Answer

247. What to Avoid in Argument

248. Formal and Informal Argument

葛传椝（1906—1992），我国英语学界泰斗，著有《英汉四用词典》、《新英汉词典》（主要编纂者之一）及《英语惯用法词典》等，影响深远，恩泽几代学人。

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First,don't look upon the study of grammar as all or nearly all that you have to do in learning to write correctly.Important as it is,grammar is not everything.

Secondly,don't indulge in much reasoning from the definitions；that would be sheer waste of time and energy.

Thirdly,don't be a slave to grammatical terms，about which uniformity does not prevail。

Fourthly，don't draw hasty conclusions from one or two examples.

Fifthly，don't cling to any narrowly grammatical point of vie at the expense of idiom.There are many idiomatic constructions that do not admit of grammatical analysis.

Sixthly,don't treat the study or grammar merely as something curious or fascinating,though you may delight in the philosophy or science of the language.

Seventhly,don't conte...

When you read a story in English，do you read it for the story or for the English ?This is a question that is not so foolish as it may seem.For I find that many students of English pay far more attention to the story than to the English.They read and enjoy and for a long time afterwards remember the story, but do not care to study the use of words and phrases in it.

First,don't try to find out how or why a particular idiom has come into existence.(其实我很怀疑真的会有人这样做么？难道是个处女座……）

Secondly，don't try to alter any idiom.

Thirdly,don't invent any idiom by analogy.

Fourthly,don't neglect any expression because you do not think it has its Han equivalent.

There appear to be many Chinese students who have read a number of books on grammar and composition and done many exercises in correcting and improving sentences and yet cannot write even tolerable English.

Of course you have occasion to speak and write theHan language every day.Just ask yourself the question"How shall I sayit in English?",and you will find something for practice in Englishcomposition.You will find far more material than you have time forevery day.

Read any page in anybook carefully,and you will perhaps find some expressions that willhelp you to say things.

Many of such expressions may seem to you to betoo simple to deserve much attention,but you cannot invent them,nor can you use them unless you have noted them.

(There appear to be manyChinese students who have read a number of books on grammar and composition and done many exercises in correcting and improving sentences and yet cannot write even tolerable English.)

The trouble is that they may either have not read widely enough or have not read carefullyenough.

书籍介绍

本书是葛传椝先生为我国读者撰写的英语写作专著，可作高校教材，亦可作自学课本。除对写作基本知识、写作技巧和文体修辞分章介绍之外，还特别对惯用法、习语和遣词造句等有关问题进行了详实阐述。同时配以大量取自现代英美书刊原著中的实例，以及各种切合实际的练习题。本书用简明地道的英文写成，是英语写作教材之经典。