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追求快乐已成为现代人的座右铭，它将“美好生活”的其他定义排除在外。甚至对他人的善举也被视为获得个人快乐的策略。利他主义不再仅仅是一种善行，它已经成为我们获取个人“幸福”的手段。

平衡之道 1.对快乐的不懈追求（以及对痛苦的逃避）会导致痛苦。 2.康复始于戒断。 3.戒断成瘾物质能够重置大脑的奖赏回路，并使我们从简单的奖励中获得快乐。 4.自我约束在欲望和消费之间创造了字面意义上的空间与元认知的空间，在今天这个多巴胺过量的世界里，自我约束是一种必要的手段。 5.药物可以恢复内稳态，但要考虑到在用药物消除痛苦的同时，我们失去了什么。 6.在天平的痛苦端增加重量，为了恢复平衡，天平会重新向快乐的一侧倾斜。 7.提防疼痛成瘾。 8.激进诚实可以增强意识，巩固亲密关系，培养丰富的思维。 9.亲社会羞耻感证实了我们归属于人类团体。 10.不要逃避这个世界，我们可以沉浸其中，从而找到解决之道。

Naturally I've seen patients who need less than four weeks to reset their reward pathway, and others who need far longer. Those who have been using more potent drugs in larger quantities for longer duration will typically need more time. Younger people recalibrate faster than older people, their brains being more plastic. Furthermore, physical withdrawal varies drug to drug. It can be minor for some drugs like video games but potentially life-threatening for others, like alcohol and benzodiazepines.

Sometimes, patients ask if they can swap one drug for another: cannabis for nicotine, video games for pornography. This is seldom an effective long-term strategy.

Any reward that is potent enough to overcome the gremlins and tip the balance toward pleasure can itself be addictive, thereby resulting in trading one addiction for another (cross addiction). Any reward that is not potent enough won't feel like a reward, which is why when we're consuming high-dopamine rewards, we lose the ability to take joy in ordinary pleasure.

Mindfulness is simply the ability to observe what our brain is doing while it's doing it, without judgment.

The trick is to stop running away from painful emotions, and instead allow ourselves to tolerate them. When we're able to do this, our experience takes on a new and

unexpectedly rich texture. The pain is stil there, but somehow transformed, seeming to encompass a vast landscape of communal suffering, rather than being wholly our own.

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